tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56221090614380332022024-03-05T15:16:28.037-08:00Jejariku Gemukhazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-31126397869222616002015-11-05T23:26:00.003-08:002015-11-05T23:28:09.055-08:00Kalendar UiTM<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5d5kI8rThTeY2tuZ1hSMkNDZm8/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Kalendar UiTM</a>hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-30439744722045086422015-11-05T23:16:00.000-08:002015-11-05T23:18:38.554-08:00box and whisker plot on excel<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DNpvSg2X0xQ/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DNpvSg2X0xQ?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<br />hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-21821135333190729312015-11-05T20:00:00.004-08:002015-11-05T22:52:48.886-08:00Data Collection Methods<h1 id="h1Title" style="color: #3469e8; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 0px;">
Data Collection Methods</h1>
<h1 id="h1Title" style="color: #3469e8; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">To derive conclusions from data, we need to know how the data were collected; that is, we need to know the method(s) of data collection.</span></h1>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: 11pt;">Methods of Data Collection</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px;">
For this tutorial, we will cover four methods of data collection.</div>
<ul style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none;">
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Census</strong>. A census is a study that obtains data from every member of a <a href="http://stattrek.com/Help/Glossary.aspx?Target=Population" style="color: #3333ff; text-decoration: none;">population</a>. In most studies, a census is not practical, because of the cost and/or time required.</li>
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Sample survey</strong>. A sample survey is a study that obtains data from a subset of a population, in order to estimate population attributes.</li>
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Experiment</strong>. An experiment is a controlled study in which the researcher attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships. The study is "controlled" in the sense that the researcher controls (1) how subjects are assigned to groups and (2) which treatments each group receives.<br /><br />In the analysis phase, the researcher compares group scores on some <a href="http://stattrek.com/Help/Glossary.aspx?Target=Dependent%20variable" style="color: #3333ff; text-decoration: none;">dependent variable</a>. Based on the analysis, the researcher draws a conclusion about whether the treatment (<a href="http://stattrek.com/Help/Glossary.aspx?Target=Independent%20variable" style="color: #3333ff; text-decoration: none;">independent variable</a>) had a causal effect on the dependent variable.</li>
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Observational study</strong>. Like experiments, observational studies attempt to understand cause-and-effect relationships. However, unlike experiments, the researcher is not able to control (1) how subjects are assigned to groups and/or (2) which treatments each group receives.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #990000; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;">
Data Collection Methods: Pros and Cons</h2>
<div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px;">
Each method of data collection has advantages and disadvantages.</div>
<ul style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none;">
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Resources</strong>. When the population is large, a sample survey has a big resource advantage over a census. A well-designed sample survey can provide very precise estimates of population parameters - quicker, cheaper, and with less manpower than a census.</li>
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Generalizability</strong>. Generalizability refers to the appropriateness of applying findings from a study to a larger population. Generalizability requires random selection. If participants in a study are randomly selected from a larger population, it is appropriate to generalize study results to the larger population; if not, it is not appropriate to generalize.<br /><br />Observational studies do not feature random selection; so generalizing from the results of an observational study to a larger population can be a problem.</li>
<li style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square;"><strong>Causal inference</strong>. Cause-and-effect relationships can be teased out when subjects are randomly assigned to groups. Therefore, experiments, which allow the researcher to control assignment of subjects to treatment groups, are the best method for investigating causal relationships.</li>
</ul>
hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-86502372074454421662015-11-05T19:02:00.001-08:002015-11-05T22:53:43.434-08:00Types of Sampling<h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnhblXH3WCNgl15vWMzH58di9IfdlnnGkwU-TwYLlLrSGKeJnVmWJR6lpAhesX-L4PP49dwinWxkepIzo_wQHA3JXtb14_f5EZW6TLxZB8LbJCuvZvSvKyjoQE4Mi3mwpb0PgLBAHOD70A/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnhblXH3WCNgl15vWMzH58di9IfdlnnGkwU-TwYLlLrSGKeJnVmWJR6lpAhesX-L4PP49dwinWxkepIzo_wQHA3JXtb14_f5EZW6TLxZB8LbJCuvZvSvKyjoQE4Mi3mwpb0PgLBAHOD70A/s640/download.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
</h1>
<h1>
Types of Sampling</h1>
<span style="color: purple;">There are five types of sampling: Random, Systematic, Convenience, Cluster, and Stratified.</span><br />
<span style="color: purple;"><br /></span>
<br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: purple;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: purple;">Random sampling is analogous to putting everyone's name into a hat and drawing out several names. Each element in the population has an equal chance of occuring. While this is the preferred way of sampling, it is often difficult to do. It requires that a complete list of every element in the population be obtained. Computer generated lists are often used with random sampling. You can <a href="https://people.richland.edu/james/ti82/ti-rand.html">generate random numbers</a> using the TI82 calculator.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: purple;">Systematic sampling is easier to do than random sampling. In systematic sampling, the list of elements is "counted off". That is, every <em>k</em>th element is taken. This is similar to lining everyone up and numbering off "1,2,3,4; 1,2,3,4; etc". When done numbering, all people numbered 4 would be used.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: purple;">Convenience sampling is very easy to do, but it's probably the worst technique to use. In convenience sampling, readily available data is used. That is, the first people the surveyor runs into.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: purple;">Cluster sampling is accomplished by dividing the population into groups -- usually geographically. These groups are called clusters or blocks. The clusters are randomly selected, and each element in the selected clusters are used.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: purple;">Stratified sampling also divides the population into groups called strata. However, this time it is by some characteristic, not geographically. For instance, the population might be separated into males and females. A sample is taken from each of these strata using either random, systematic, or convenience sampling.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: purple;">For more details please view this url : https://people.richland.edu/james/lecture/m170/</span></div>
hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-1107971220801250992015-11-05T18:45:00.000-08:002015-11-05T19:56:00.806-08:00Independent and dependent eventsProbability Explained. Interesting video from Khan Academy<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uzkc-qNVoOk/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uzkc-qNVoOk?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<br />hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-88734216543021270762015-11-05T18:22:00.001-08:002015-11-05T19:56:31.977-08:00Majlis Daerah Tapah<br />
<br />
<br />
Nak tau apa yang ada kat Tapah.<br />
<br />
You may refer to the following website:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.mdtapah.gov.my/" target="_blank">Majlis Daerah Tapah</a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.mdtapah.gov.my/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcQ__iEPvapbC7jBgPlu0zKU1vFrYP7d9JfRf22d2V10goW5bYoWm8UZUtYVnNrmkPSK3A6e4m7BgOrgqObZJHoFRk55i2czQO-jFTsRAJL7KRiLqusLXp9DuguBVLDWVhwDSzzL60NSFI/s320/MDT.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-42701773015012209342015-11-05T18:10:00.001-08:002015-11-05T23:02:35.688-08:00UiTM Tapah<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY2xHYbTn1VKSuADcYtUuHa_Kojz4_-keN8eBz7GO1J00hoz3DBSPbwvq5_18X7-XgHwRrxqNBgqzug64rjVDRfdGU-ihZsFchho1bS2qpmeIDCDtNS-7QU42F_kOPhWhMrD2UYHvTSXVa/s1600/uitm+logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY2xHYbTn1VKSuADcYtUuHa_Kojz4_-keN8eBz7GO1J00hoz3DBSPbwvq5_18X7-XgHwRrxqNBgqzug64rjVDRfdGU-ihZsFchho1bS2qpmeIDCDtNS-7QU42F_kOPhWhMrD2UYHvTSXVa/s400/uitm+logo.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #353535; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">
<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">
<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">UiTM (Perak) Kampus Tapah UiTM (Perak)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-size: x-small;"> dapat menampung kapasiti sehingga 5,000 pelajar.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-size: x-small;">Terdapat 3 fakulti di UiTM Kampus Tapah:</span></span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: blue; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Matematik</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">Fakulti Perakaunan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">Fakulti Sains Gunaan</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">For more details, just click this link ---> <a href="http://tapah.uitm.edu.my/" target="_blank">UiTM Tapah</a></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5622109061438033202.post-77715226541080399022015-11-05T18:02:00.002-08:002015-11-05T18:15:53.257-08:00Welcome to my blog!<br />
<br />
This is my 1st post. Today, belajar e-blog dari Puan Noridah. Thank you, puan.hazlina worldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06306897279534136568noreply@blogger.com0